What two criteria determine who may access classified information?

• A. Proper security clearance and need to know
• B. Need to know only
• C. Proper clearance only
• D. Access based on supervisor approval

Answer: (A)

Access to classified information is determined by two criteria: a proper security clearance and a need to know. The clearance shows you’re vetted and permitted to access information at a given level, while the need to know limits access to only what your specific duties require. Together, they ensure you can see the information you need to do your job, and nothing more. Having just the clearance isn’t enough if your duties don’t require the information, and having just a need to know isn’t enough if you haven’t been vetted for access at that level. Supervisor approval alone doesn’t authorize access without these two requirements. This dual check supports the principle of least privilege and protects sensitive information.